Stars of “The Lincoln Lawyer” Cast

“The Lincoln Lawyer” is a popular TV series that has captured audiences with its compelling legal drama. Let’s look at the talented cast that brings this show to life.

Manuel Garcia-Rulfo as Mickey Haller

Manuel Garcia-Rulfo plays the lead role of Mickey Haller, a charismatic defense attorney who works out of his Lincoln Town Car.

Background

• Born on February 25, 1981, in Jalisco, Mexico
• He started his career in Mexican cinema before moving to Hollywood

Notable Works

• “From Dusk till Dawn: The Series”
• “Sicario: Day of the Soldado”
• “Murder on the Orient Express”
• “6 Underground”

Garcia-Rulfo’s versatility and screen presence have made him a rising star in film and television.

Neve Campbell as Maggie McPherson

Neve Campbell portrays Maggie McPherson, Mickey’s ex-wife and a talented lawyer in her own right.

Career Highlights

• Rose to fame in the 1990s
• Starred as Julia Salinger in “Party of Five”
• Iconic role as Sidney Prescott in the “Scream” franchise

Other Achievements

• Performed in London’s West End
• He continues to be a prominent figure in film and television

Campbell’s ability to tackle diverse roles has cemented her status as a versatile actress.

Angus Sampson as Cisco

Angus Sampson plays Cisco, Mickey’s skilled investigator who adds depth to the storylines.

Multi-talented Artist

• Australian actor, director, writer, and producer
• He is known for his versatile talent

Notable Roles

• Gained prominence in the “Insidious” film series
• Appeared in various film and television roles

Sampson’s ability to adapt to diverse characters makes him a valuable asset to “The Lincoln Lawyer” cast.

Jazz Raycole as Izzy

Jazz Raycole takes on the role of Izzy, Mickey’s loyal driver and assistant.

Early Career

• Born on February 11, 1988, in Stockton, California
• Started as a dancer before transitioning to acting

Acting Journey

• Best known as Claire Kyle in “My Wife and Kids”
• Appeared in shows like “The Soul Man” and “Jericho.”

Raycole brings a unique blend of street smarts and resourcefulness to her character in the series.

Becki Newton as Mickey’s Second Wife

Becki Newton plays Mickey’s second wife, maintaining a close bond with him despite their separation.

Career Highlights

• Born on July 4, 1978, in New Haven, Connecticut
• Famous for her role as Amanda Tanen in “Ugly Betty”

Versatile Performer

• Known for both comedic and dramatic roles
• Has appeared in various TV shows and films

Newton’s role in “The Lincoln Lawyer” showcases her ability to adapt to different genres.

Yaya DaCosta as Andrea Freeman

Yaya DaCosta portrays Andrea Freeman, Mickey’s frequent courtroom opponent and a friend of his ex-wife Maggie.

Career Path

• Runner-up in Cycle 3 of “America’s Next Top Model”
• Transitioned successfully from modeling to acting

Notable Performances

• Portrayed Whitney Houston in the Lifetime film “Whitney”
• Appeared in various popular TV shows and movies

DaCosta’s role adds an exciting dynamic to the series, providing engaging courtroom scenes.

Krista Warner as Hayley

Krista Warner plays Hayley, the teenage daughter of Mickey and Maggie.

Emerging Talent

• Relatively new to the acting scene
• Her role in “The Lincoln Lawyer” marks an essential step in her career

Warner’s performance as Hayley adds a family dimension to the show, contributing to the overall narrative depth.

Conclusion

“The Lincoln Lawyer” is a popular TV series featuring a talented cast. Manuel Garcia-Rulfo stars Mickey Haller, a defense attorney operating from his Lincoln Town Car, who is noted for his versatility in various film roles. Neve Campbell plays his ex-wife, Maggie McPherson, showcasing her acting solid background from the ’90s. Angus Sampson is Cisco, the skilled investigator known for his work in the “Insidious” series. Jazz Raycole portrays Izzy, Mickey’s resourceful driver, while Becki Newton plays his second wife, exhibiting her adaptability in various roles. Yaya DaCosta is Andrea Freeman, bringing a dynamic presence as a courtroom opponent, and Krista Warner plays Hayley, Mickey’s teenage daughter, adding depth to the family narrative. The ensemble’s performances contribute significantly to the show’s engaging legal drama.

Drafting Committee Members: Building Your Dream Team for Success. If you intend to get your project off the ground, then this is one rogue step you don’t fancy going wrong, and I’m here to explain how not to. First, determine why selecting the correct type of people to work on the committee is vital.

Let’s take it as choosing your side for a great adventure, choosing your own squad.

In an ideal world, one can enjoy a rich supply of skills, attitudes, and outlooks as a possible solution to whatever heads the issues list.

Identifying Key Roles of Drafting Committee Members

Before picking names from a hat, figure out what roles you need to fill. Here’s a quick rundown of some common committee positions:

1. Chairperson: The big boss who keeps everything on track
2. Secretary: Your note-taking hero who makes sure nothing slips through the cracks
3. Treasurer: The money guru who keeps the budget in check
4. Subject Matter Experts: The brainiacs who bring specialized knowledge to the table

Remember, every committee is unique, so don’t be afraid to get creative with roles that fit your needs.

Diversity is Key of Drafting Committee Members

Listen up because this is important: diversity isn’t just a buzzword. It’s your secret weapon. When you’re drafting committee members, think beyond just skills and experience. Consider factors like:

1. Age
2. Gender
3. Cultural background
4. Professional experience
5. Personality types

A diverse committee brings fresh perspectives and helps avoid groupthink.

Plus, it’s just more fun when you’ve got a mix of voices in the room.

Skills to Look For Drafting Committee Members

All right, what kind of superpowers should you look for when drafting committee members?

1. Communication skills: Can they communicate their point without putting everyone to sleep?
2. Leadership potential: Look for folks who can step up and take charge when needed
3. Teamwork abilities: You want team players, not lone wolves
4. Problem-solving skills: There is always the thought that, yes, everybody is aware that things will take a turn for the worse sometimes
5.  Time management: Due dates do not take a break even if they are due from the same individual, so there is the need to factor in time.

Pro tip: Do not just fixate yourself on expertise in these broad areas of learning. Understanding and flexibility are interpersonal skills that may be as pertinent.

The Recruitment Process Drafting Committee Members

As mentioned above, knowing what is wanted is the first step to success. It is now pay time, and the word is ‘hook.’ Here’s how to make it happen: Here is the path to follow to make it happen:

1. Cast a wide net: You connect to your contacts, post the opening on your social site, and become a member/scroll through the association.
2. Create a clear job description: Write down the short and long-term objectives, and understand what you are looking for and what you would be enlisting.
3. Conduct interviews: Get to know your candidates and see how they fit in with your vision of the enterprise.
4. Check references: My words of wisdom to you are: do not complete this and then conveniently decide not to do this! One must wonder about that when issued from a ten- fifteen-minute telephone conversation.

Just a reminder that quite frequently, the best candidates for the committee are those who do not apply for it. It is also okay to grab the bull by the horns if you consider that a particular person will nicely fit the position.

The Electronic Management of Document Work in the Framework of the Work of the Drafting Committee.

Onboarding and Training of Drafting Committee Members

Congrats! You’ve got your dream team assembled. But hold up, your work isn’t done yet. Proper onboarding is crucial for setting your committee up for success.

What you need to cover:

1. Committee goals and objectives
2. Roles and responsibilities
3. Communication channels and protocols
4. Decision-making processes
5. Conflict resolution strategies

Consider creating a committee handbook or welcome packet to ensure everyone’s on the same page. And don’t forget to schedule some team-building activities to help everyone gel.

Maintaining Engagement

Keeping your committee members fired up and engaged is an ongoing process. Some tips to keep the momentum going:

1. Regular check-ins: Cf. with each member to understand how he or she is.
2. Celebrate wins: One should always be aware of the three big and the three small things to comment on because we are a team and all need to be encouraged.
3. Provide growth opportunities: Medical go / Offer training or workshop to the members in order to help them to develop new skills.
4. Rotate responsibilities: Keep things fresh by switching up roles and tasks
5. Address conflicts quickly: Don’t let issues fester – tackle them head-on

Remember, a happy committee is a productive committee. Show your appreciation regularly and make sure everyone feels valued.

Evaluating Committee Performance

How do you know if your drafting efforts paid off? Regularly assessing your committee’s performance is how you do it.

Set up a system for evaluating both individual members and the committee as a whole.

Look at factors like:

1. Goal achievement
2. Meeting attendance and participation
3. Contribution of ideas and solutions
4. Ability to work collaboratively
5. Adherence to deadlines and commitments

Use this feedback to make adjustments and inform future drafting decisions.

FAQs

• How many members should be on a committee?

It depends on your goals and project scope, but aim for 5-9 members for optimal efficiency.

• What if a committee member isn’t pulling their weight?

Address the issue privately and directly. Try to understand the root source and work together on a solution.

• How often should a committee meet?

Again, it depends on your needs, but monthly meetings are joint. Adjust as necessary based on workload and deadlines.

• Can committee members be removed?

Yes, if necessary. Ensure you have a transparent process for removing members who aren’t meeting expectations.

• How long should committee terms last?

Consider setting term limits (e.g., 1-2 years) to bring fresh perspectives and prevent burnout.

Conclusion

Drafting committee members might seem daunting, but you can build a powerhouse team that’ll crush your goals with the right approach. Remember to focus on diversity, look for a mix of hard and soft skills, and don’t skimp on the onboarding process.

The free and compulsory education of necessary education is provided under Article 45 of the Constitution of India. For any society to be considered developed, education is paramount. It makes it possible for people to be satisfied and remain functional in their daily responsibilities. But let me assure you that due to one reason or another, including poverty, early marriage, and gender discrimination. Among other things, millions of children of school-going age are out of school in India.

This major problem was sought to be redressed with the help of Article 45 of the Indian Constitution, which said that education must be provided and made available to all children. But before we get there, let me explain this article and why it is so significant. Alright, let’s provide some deeper analysis.

The Following Is The Provision Of Article 45 of the Indian Constitution

As pointed out, Article 45 is under the Directive Principles of State Policy section of the Constitution of India. It says:

” The State shall, within ten years of the coming into operation of this Constitution. Arrange free and compulsory education of all children until they reach 14 years.”

In Simple Terms, This Means

1. But the government should try to ensure free and compulsory education for all children in India under the age of fourteen years.
2. It was achieved ten years after the constitution’s passing, which was expected to be by 1960.

The article admits that it is indeed possible to educate a nation’s children, which is crucial for its success. Therefore, it can make primary education one of the state’s fundamental human rights and constitutional responsibilities.

Article 45 of the Indian Constitution: Why Is It Relevant for India?

When the Constitution of India was framed in the year 1950, the literacy rate in the country was a mere 18%. Lack of education was due to factors such as poverty and socio-economic status. Article 45 was thus pivotal because it:

1. Provides Equal Opportunities: Education makes individuals capable and ensures that one can achieve a higher social class irrespective of their status at birth. According to the provision in Article 45, there is a right to equal educational opportunities.
2. Uplifts Weaker Sections: It compels the state to ensure that all children, even those in the streets and who are so poor, are provided with educational materials, hence improving the living standards of society.
3. Drives National Development: Education enables the youths to afford the country’s economic needs. Universal literacy is critical to the development of any country because it causes fast development.
4. Promotes Individual Growth: Education creates mental abilities and capacities like reasoning power, judgment, spirit of inquiry, and many others. Article 45 is also a good one that assists children to attain their maximum potential.

Though the target of achieving the objective in ten years was unattainable, the article sure put pressure on policymakers to keep trying for this goal.

Measures Taken to Cue Article 45 of the Indian Constitution

It becomes an issue when free and compulsory education is available to all children. The following are some of the efforts that have been made after the adoption of Article 45:

• • In 1968, the National Policy on Education was framed to increase the facilities of Early education and lay stress on higher education.
  • It concludes the 86th Constitutional Amendment in 2002, which comprises Article 21A, the right to free education for children aged 6-14.
  • In 2001, the government of India initiated the education for All Campaign or SSA. Intending to put all the children in the age group of 6-14 years in elementary Education schools.

• • Elaborated in Article 21A of the Indian Constitution, the Rights to Education (RTE) Act 2009 defines the specific functions of the Centre and the States in extending free education.

These measures contributed to enhancing the literacy rates among the youths in India. Which is estimated to be approximately 90% in 2020. However, there is still an opportunity to increase the indicators of enrollment rates, retention rates after primary education, and learning achievement indicators.

Conclusion

Though the goal of universal elementary education is still elusive even today. Article 45 planted the seed during the very formation of the Indian Constitution by making it a directive principle of state policy. It also helped strengthen the role of education in the development of the child. As well as in the preparation for life responsibilities and the advancement of the nation.

These efforts under Article 45 grew through significant policies and initiatives. The table below shows major policies and initiatives that supported efforts under Article 45. However, with India still needing to do more for the education of its children, there is now an acknowledgment that education is a fundamental human right.

In the future, adequate funds, development partnerships, the improvement of the infrastructure of rural schools. Learning achievement can support Article 45’s goal of educating children to Become equipped for valuable citizenship in India.

Article of 17 of the Indian Constitution deemed untouchability as an offense and banned the practice. It was the first effort made towards the abolition of the inhuman caste system that had been an eyesore to Indian society.

Article 17 Proposed Amendments The article states:

“Untouchability is an offense, and its practice in any form is unlawful. Any contract which confers disability arising out of untouchability is unlawful.”

It made untouchability and the practice of untouchability a punishable offense throughout India. It was intended to rid society of the horrific discrimination and injustice that the” lower” castes had suffered for centuries.

Why Was This Important?

Caste bar had introduced social, economical, political and even religious enslave many Indians because of their birthright.

So-called “untouchables” faced massive discrimination in all walks of life. As we saw, even those engaging in hereditary occupations described as ‘polluted’ or ‘untouchables’ of caste were the target of appalling prejudice nearly across all facets of life.

1. What they had to do was reside in eras that were prohibited to them for instance in regions, villages or cities.
2. It Prevented sharing ordinary amenities such as a well, temple, or other sacred area.
3. They are supposed to do lowly tasks below the standard of the ‘upper’ castes.
4. Suffer social ostracization, being beaten up, and sometimes killed for ‘violating’ caste diktats.

By eradicating untouchability in its constitution, the founding fathers of the Indian state put an end to caste prejudice. It was the first move in the right direction to tackle social injustice and provide justice to everyone.

It became apparent simultaneously that isolating untouchability would be insufficient to eradicate the practice. One only needs to remember that prejudice and discrimination cannot be eliminated by passing new laws.

Consequently, Article 17 provided the basis for further affirmative action in subsequent years. particularly concerning the policies of reservation and quota systems.

Critical Takeaways Article 17 of the Indian Constitution

The Constitution of India forbid the practice of untouchability.

1. It rendered any disability that may be imposed due to untouchability a criminal offense.
2. It was an excellent beginning to bring an end to the age-long discrimination in the caste system in the country.
3. However, it is worth mentioning that legislation can never eradicate the root causes of social maladjustments, such as sin and evil.
4. The fight for coming out of the caste prejudice is still on even today through organizations and positive discrimination.

Even though Article 17 was a significant milestone in the legal framework. There is a long way to go to build a discrimination-free, just, and equitable India. Such a struggle for social reforms does not seem to cease even today.

Conclusion

the Indian Constitution of Article 17 declares untouchability an offense and seeks to abolish the longstanding caste system that has subjected “lower” castes to social, economic, political, and religious oppression. This article makes untouchability punishable and nullifies any contracts that enforce such discrimination. While this makes for the intervention of social injustices that affect deprived groups.

The article also conveys the understanding that legal reforms can only go far in addressing embedded prejudice . It encourages affirmative action programmes such as the reservation andquota system, it asserts the notion that the war against caste oppression is not yetover. Article 17 is a significant legal milestone, yet the journey toward an entirely equitable society remains ongoing.

104 Amendment of the Indian Constitution:  This issue requires understanding its implications for India. The Indian constitution outlines how democracy functions in India. When legislators propose an amendment, it affects various aspects. The 104th Amendment addresses reservation, an issue close to many Indians’ hearts. Let me summarize its effects.

The Government Enacted the 104th Amendment in January this Year

 It made a Few Fundamental Changes

1. It allows the Government to extend a 10% quota to the Economically Backward Classes (EWS) among upper castes and communities.
2. This reserves 10% of all jobs for EWS while maintaining the current 50 percent ceiling on job reservation. The Government can now reserve up to 60% of total government jobs and seats for particular castes or communities.
3. The Amendment permits states to create lists of Groups that constitute an EWS.

Reasons for This Amendment

Politicians have long discussed providing quotas for lower-income groups. They may have amended this part to ensure the law provided a favorable perception of the insurance industry. India expects to hold its next general elections in 2024. Promising to uplift the economic prospects of a large stratum of citizens can benefit politicians in terms of votes.

The Amendment also aims to bring about equity. Until now, the Government has applied quotas to groups based on caste and gender, which society discriminates against. However, in recent years, economic criteria have also become an integral part of the process.

Impact on India’s Quota System

This Amendment adds a new layer to India’s complicated quota and reservation system. Experts have voiced concerns about its implications:

1. Exceeding the 50 percent quota ceiling sets a precedent. Will more groups insist on particular provisions in the future?
2. Defining economic backwardness qualitatively presents challenges, and its quantitative measurement proves daunting. States may struggle to decide which metrics to use, such as income, land holding, housing, etc.
3. Excluding minorities from the EWS category may violate the constitution.

The Amendment also offers positives. Improving the welfare of deserving and oppressed members of society, regardless of caste or gender, benefits everyone. Possible areas for strengthening the current framework include definition protection, management, and oversight.

Public Perception of this Change

Reactions vary. Most upper castes welcome the opportunity for financial support. However, Dalits and other backward classes worry about diluting quotas meant to offset systematic discrimination. Some believe the Government rushed the Amendment without sufficient data-based policy discussions.

Students pragmatically consider how this affects competition for limited public university spaces. More quota students mean increased competition, especially with an additional 10% quota. State governments have failed to create more seats and infrastructure to accommodate more quota students.

Next Steps

Litigation processes challenging the constitutional legitimacy of this Amendment continue in response to court petitions. Courts have extensively discussed issues of interpreting reservation laws. This Amendment may face judicial review as well.

For now, this change remains in effect. However, its implementation at the state level will prove crucial. Can states effectively determine the population’s economic needs? Can they expand opportunities for some populations without negatively affecting communities facing acute stigma?

Conclusion

The 104th Amendment adds economic position more prominently to the list of reservations. We have yet to see how students, job seekers, and voters will perceive this change. If policymakers collaborate wisely and empathetically, they can elevate this well-intentioned work.

What are They? Why are They Important?

The Fundamental Duties of the Indian Constitution With this understanding, we sometimes feel that, as citizens, we have our rights. Still, we do not remember that duties are also associated with those rights. Enumerated below are the fundamental responsibilities outlined in our constitution, which are the minimum code of conduct that every citizen of this country should uphold as they bear their responsibilities.

These duties, as much as they are not legally actionable in a court of law, can be said to be a manual on the proper behavior of every person in a given society. Debates such as the government’s role and the citizens’ responsibilities could be more accessible if we try to become better citizens in the country.

This article will identify the fundamental duties mentioned in the Indian constitution and evaluate whether these duties should be enforced through law.

Following are the eleven essential duties described in the constitution under Article 51A.

They were incorporated into the constitution in 1976 under the 42nd amendment.

1. Abide with the constitution and its principles of sovereignty, socialism, secularism, and democracy and strive to ensure they are achieved.
2. Preserve the ideas in the freedom struggle, like justice, liberty, equality, and fraternity. Try to contribute to the betterment of the unity and integrated structure of India.
3. Defend the country and be ready to serve the nation in any of the capacities that may be deemed appropriate in society.
4. Preserve unity and become inspired by the spirit of the fraternity of man and the greatness of woman. Also, deny the system that is in contradiction with these principles.
5. Attractiveness and integrity of our culture should be maintained and conserved.
6. Preserve and enhance land resources such as forests, water resources such as lakes and rivers, and wildlife. Be kind to all animals that God has created.
7. Students should learn the scientific attitude, humanitarianism, and the spirit of research and change.
8. P/Preserve the public’s property and assets and refrain from using force.
9. Relentlessly pursue quality in every aspect of personal and group endeavor so that the nation moves upwards in the scale of effort and achievement.
10. Ensure that education is initiated at the age of 6 years and provide education to the child or ward up to 14 years.
11. Encourage unity and the feeling of one nation, one people of India, and forget the religious, linguistic, regional, or sectioned differences.

What Roles and Importance do the Fundamental Duties have for Citizens?

1. They tell the people that, indeed, they have rights, but they also have moral rights.
2. They help foster the culture of responsibility and the duty of every citizen towards their society.
3. They mobilize citizens to solve problems without violence and bring change to the nation.
4. They put in place certain circumstances that will make the country more united, disciplined, and financially productive.
5. They remind generations of a country’s core values, and they challenge people to live according to them.

Can A Citizen Ever Be Said To Violate Their Fundamental Obligations?

Unfortunately yes. Some common examples are:

1. They were looting and burning public property during the strike. It goes against duty number 8.
2. It is engaging in or tolerating unfair treatment or prejudice of women. It violates duty 4.
3. I am indifferent towards the conservation of Indian heritage. It is because it does not meet duty number 5.
4. Denying demanded dowry or engaging in dowry-related demands or violence. It is contrary to the dignity of women under duty number 4.

What Consequences Can The State Impose On Its Citizens If They Fail To Fulfill These Responsibilities?

The fundamental duties are unenforceable, and you cannot go to court when your right to fundamental duties has been breached. They are rather advisory and, therefore, not strictly binding.

Still, having them in mind and adhering to them can bring more change to the country’s context and become more progressive. It also made me want to be a more responsible citizen.

Conclusion

The fundamental duties may be described as the guiding principles for the behavior of citizens in various aspects of life. They prescribe roles we should follow and strive to achieve as responsible members of society, though such roles cannot be legally compelled.

Its followers can cause constructive social consequences such as greater unity, equality, science and advancement, and history protection. It benefits the country as it leads in the right direction of development.

Schedules of the Indian Constitution It is a comprehensive guide to the development of the Constitution as a complex and dynamic process that involved not only the framing but also subsequent changes in the Constitution of the United States of America.

India’s Constitution is one of the longest in the world, with 395 articles, 84 schedules, and eight schedules. But how did it come to be? What developmental process helped this creation? Let’s take a look.

The Constitution Assembly

The Constitution Assembly For this purpose, after the independence in 1947, a new organization called the Constituent Assembly began. Its main task? To frame our Constitution.

The assembly consisted of three hundred and eighty-nine members. The people who came there came from all sections of society: lawyers, freedom fighters, women activists. They were the icons of India and symbolized the great diversity of the country.

They conversed on every feature of the Constitution over more than 166 open debates. It took the sessions two years, 11 months, and 17 days, but it could have been a few weeks or months. Finally, on November 26, 1949, they approved this Constitution.

The Key Architects

Though 389 members created it, three stand out for their vast contribution:

1. Dr B R Ambedkar is an Indian scholar and chairman of the Drafting Committee. He is known as an economist and lawyer in particular.
2. Rajendra Prasad chaired and presided over the Constituent Assembly. He later rose to the higher office of being the first president of India.
3. Electronic Media – Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel – the chief strategist and influential personality who managed to integrate hundreds of princely states into Indian Dominion.

The Schedules

The Constitution has an introduction and 448 articles. But it also has 12 schedules short schedules. What are these schedules? Let’s take a look:

Schedule I-Part I– States and Part II- Union Territories

1. It lists all the 29 states and nine union territories of India.
2. Parliament may alter it to add or change the name of any state.
3. Item No. 7 – Salaries of Higher Officials falls under Schedule II.
4. Determines the pay scale of the president, governors, judges, and auditors general
5. It is paramount to understand what the law says; the law states that Parliament can only change salaries.

Oaths by Public Officials – Schedule III

1. Some forms of presiding oath for a president, governors, ministers, judges, etc.
2. Usually not changed

Schedule IV – The principle relating to allocation of seats in the Rajya Sabha

1. Determines the size of the state/UT’s delegation in the Rajya Sabha
2. It modifies whenever a new state comes into the Union.

Schedule V – Administration of Tribal Areas

1. In the specific chapters, certain sections require special provisions for the administration of tribal areas.
2. It is known to safeguard the traditions and customs of the respective tribes.

Tribal Areas of Assam – Schedule VI

1. Some of those laws and provisions which have been made exclusively for the administration of tribal areas in Assam are as follows:
2. Schedule V is slightly different from Schedule V due to the history of the substance in question.

Schedule VII

1. Recapitulates subjects under the Union list, States list, and Concurrent list
2. It is famous that Parliament could alter any items on these lists.

Languages – Schedule VIII

1. It mentions that 14 languages are essential for global communication.
2. It currently lists 22 languages acknowledged by the Constitution.
3. May be altered by the Parliament

Schedule IX – Amendment Laws that cannot be challenged

1. The bill, as introduced, contained 9 acts concerning land reforms and the abolition of zamindari
2. It currently enumerates 13 acts that are linked to similar reforms.
3. It seeks to preserve these laws from the outcomes of legal action.

Anti-Defection Law as outlined in Schedule X

1. Exposes mechanism to protect defection for MPs and MLAs
2. The late Rajiv Gandhi government added this in 1985

Schedule XI – Panchayats

1. Added in 1992
2. There are other specific provisions for working panchayats as well.

Schedule XII

1. Added in 1992
2. It is also essential to mention specific provisions that apply mainly to municipalities.

The schedules are diverse and touch on vital areas of concern. They make clear how the constitutional provisions translate and, more importantly, how they are worked on. Indeed, many things would not be complete as they are if these creatures were not around.

Conclusion

Finally, you are familiar with what they are, what they address, and how they facilitate our Constitution. I have always thought our founding fathers lavished too much effort on this social blueprint. Yes, after all, as Indians we can rightly say – we can feel proud and grateful !!!

I trust you found this brief look into the veins that run through our system informative and enjoyable.

Article 370 and the Supreme Court or Debate. The presented paper aims to reveal the complexities of the history of the concept of the ‘mediated breakdown of communication.’

What is Article 370?

This provision in the Indian Constitution has been hugely contentious for decades. Article 370 enabled the Government of Jammu and Kashmir to have its own Constitution, flag, and control over internal affairs.

To understand the history behind Article 370, one has to go back to the events that took place at the time of the accession of the kingdom of Kashmir to the Indian Union in 1947. During that period, the Indian government had to allow Kashmir to join the Union. Article 370 was added to the Constitution of India in 1949 as a ‘Section 3’ as and when the state of J&K was given autonomy.

The state’s autonomy was gradually reduced over the years, and eventually, the article was diluted in its applicability. Several critics claimed that this special status fuels separatism in the region of Kashmir. Some people argued that Article 370 was the only way to protect the culture and identity of the Kashmiri people within the Indian federation. This debate raged on for years into decades.

The Turning Point was played in 2019

In August 2019, the government passed a resolution in Rajya Sabha that made significant changes.

1. Thus, the 1954 order was effectively annulled by putting into force Article 370. Primarily, J&K’s special status was abolished.
2. The existing state of J&K was divided into two new Union Territories: the UT of Jammu & Kashmir and the UT of Ladakh.

This movement was well regarded as the most significant controversy. Some people believed it would help free the territory of terrorism and facilitate development in Jammu and Kashmir. Some political analysts and human rights activists accused the government of working over the people of Kashmir, which was unconstitutional.

The legal issues that may arise at the Supreme Court level include the following;

As you know, immediately after the changes were made, the opposition parties and activists turned to the Supreme Court to seek to have the changes reversed.

Their key arguments were:

1. Article 370 is a constitutional provision that cannot be amended or removed in any way, let alone by the presidential order.
2. Even today, to change the status of the state, the consent of the J&K constituent assembly is obligatory, although it was dissolved in 1957.
3. The division of J&K into two opposite parts is against the provisions of Article 370 of the Constitution of India, which deals with citizens’ fundamental rights.

Nonetheless, the Supreme Court threw all the petitions filed to appeal the government’s act. In its ruling, the apex court said: In its ruling, the apex court said:

1. It is essential to clear the misconception that Article 370 was always framed as a permanent provision. The President can amend it, but the changes should not contradict the Constitution.
2. The Presidential Order wielded the dissolved constituent assembly by substituting it with the state assembly.
3. Division of J&K into UTs was constitutionally permissible within the realm of Parliament.

Finally, With this verdict, the Supreme Court gave a clean chit to the government regarding the property in Article 370. As for the future, the previous state has been divided into two parts, now Union Territories with lesser power.

The Verdict’s Significance

The judgment given by the Supreme Court regarding the revocation of Article 370 has a broader impact. From a legal perspective, it resolves an ongoing debate on the legal status of J&K since the government passed the reorganization act. On the political level, the map of the region and its governmental structures are altered completely.

On a social aspect, people of J&K have both positive and negative impacts with the onset of this new arrangement. For many Kashmiris, this is perceived as an infringement on their liberties and the forging of their character. But its supporters believe that by enhancing integration the two areas will be made more secure and developed.

Conclusion

The law of the matter was adjudicated: the manifold social and political implications will keep unfolding. However, the definitive stamp of the apex court adds a symbolic value to the situation. It could be said that the chapter regarding the special status of Article 370 in the Indian Constitution has come to its conclusion. Hence, in the future, J&K will start a new journey as a complete UT under the direct jurisdiction of the Union.

The Right to Freedom in India: Powerpoint on Article 20

Article 20 of the Indian Constitution lays down the protection of life and personal liberty. This critical article sets out some rights every Indian citizen has to have certain freedoms. It’s time to get down to business in layperson’s terms.

What Entitlements Does Article 20?

Article 20 guarantees three fundamental rights: Article 20 guarantees three fundamental rights:

1. The legal right that one has concerning being shielded from being prosecuted, tried. Incarcerated for a crime that was not a criminal act under the law when the act was committed.
2. The defendant shall not be subject to the same charge for the same criminal act. Freedom against self-incrimination. As it is legally termed, protection against being compelled to witness against one’s self.

Let Us Review These Key Rights Under Article 20:

• The law prohibits ex post facto laws: I cannot be arrested and confined under a new law when my action was not legally categorized as a crime. For instance, if today the law is raised to 21 years to drink alcohol, for example, I cannot be arrested for being a minor and drinking despite being 19 years old. It must be noted that the law cannot apply only to me, and to do so would be against the spirit of the law. Which protects everyone from laws with retrospective effects that only seek to harm a person.
• No Double Jeopardy: I cannot be subjected to a trial or be punished again for the same crime. The police cannot reopen your case if a court has already acted and punished you. The courts cannot retry your case just because they did not like the decision. It prevents foul play, including using the legal system to hound or victimize others.
• No Self-Incrimination: This means that the prosecution has to produce evidence that points to me as the culprit of the crime. I can not be coerced to say something, produce any proof to make me a suspect, or make a statement against my will. The police can not torture me or force me to testify against myself.

When can such rights be limited?

Like other rights, these freedoms start under Article 20 also have reasonable limitations. My rights can be limited if:

1. It is done so for national security purposes. It is for a national security interest
2. It protects the health, safety, welfare, good order of the public, and decency or morality.

Implications in Real Life

From the perspective of an ordinary citizen, it shields me against unlawful exploitation of the laws and the unjust exercise of power. If arrested, the police cannot make me give a statement that incriminates myself or furnish the law with any materials that may stand as evidence against me.

I can also decline to respond to questions and sustain my innocence until the contrary is proven. The courts also cannot continue prosecuting me time and again just because the police or government does not like the previous verdicts that I have gotten in my favor. This article thus protects individuals from harassment by law enforcement authorities or legal agencies.

Key Takeaways

The essence of Article 20 of the Indian Constitution

1. can’t commit a crime for an act that wasn’t a crime at the time it was committed
2. shall not be subjected to consecutive trials for the same crime
3. cannot be compelled to incriminate myself or be made to be a witness against my own will

The rights under this article are general and effectual, guaranteeing civil liberties, thereby safeguarding against abuse of state power and authority in all provinces. The essence of Article 20 can be said to be the protection of everyday people from being forced and abused by the misuse of law.

Conclusion

I trust this analysis has made it easier for you to navigate Article 20 of the Constitution by making you aware of your fundamental rights. Please leave other questions in the comment section below if you have any.

The Father of the Indian Constitution consists of the following. He is called Babasaheb Ambedkar, a title accorded to Bhimrao Ramji Ambedkar out of courtesy. For this reason, he is popularly known as the Father of the Indian Constitution. Therefore, he was included as a member of the drafting committee of the Constitution of India’s Constituent Assembly and was elected as the Chairman.

Early Life and Education

Born as a poor Dalit, Ambedkar was the son of Ramji Sakpal and Culabai Sakpal, born on April 14, 1891. However, he had been a victim of extreme caste discrimination, and yet he was a good scholar. He studied at Elphinstone College in Bombay and, with B. R. Ambedkar’s support, was the first person of Dalit origin to get a college degree in India. He then proceeded to Columbia University on a scholarship to complete his master’s and doctorate rewards.

Return to India

After returning to India in 1923, Ambedkar fought against social discrimination and became the indicator of Dalit folks. Public life, to him, was a means through which he could assist the people in his community in gaining education, which began his search for ways of attaining that goal. In the last decade of the twenties and early thirties, he demanded the removal of untouchability and other social evils.

Some classifications put it under the Framing of the Constitution.

When India got freedom in 1947, Dr Ambedkar became the first Law Minister of free India. Later, he was chosen to be the Chair of the Drafting Committee to draft the Indian Constitution. He had constitutional accountability, which involved determining the Constitution through Assembly talks for over three years.

Key Contributions

Some of Ambedkar’s significant contributions include

1. 1. Constitutional Rights and Freedoms that safeguard civil liberties

1. Made provisions for constitutional protection and affirmative action for Dalits and other socially backward classes.
2. Parliamentary democracy and the federal system of governance are recognized and practiced.
3. Allotting universal adult franchise that resulted in the right to vote for the general public
4. It became a republic of liberty, equality, and fraternity as the fundamental principles of the state.

Thus, Ambedkar formulated a constitution that ensured the provision of voice and authority previously unattainable to the downtrodden segments of society. He ensured some form of social democracy and inclusion were kicked into the Constitution.

Fight Against Caste Discrimination

Besides contributing to constitution-making in India, Ambedkar remained concerned with establishing Dalit rights. He was involved in several agitations for demanding civic rights, such as treating water as a fundamental human right and praying in temples.

He mobilized the Dalits by forming the Bahishkrit Hitkarni Sabha and the Independent Labour Party to contest local body elections. Many oppressed groups received confidence from his leadership and started seeking justice and equal treatment.

Buddhism and Last Years

In his last years, Ambedkar embraced Buddhism to fight discriminating castes inherited from Hinduism. He wrote many articles on this topic and later became a Buddhist in October 1956, along with five lacs of followers in Nagpur. But sadly, he died just after one-and-a-half months and died on December 6, 1956.

Legacy

As a legal luminary, Ambedkar contributed a lot to framing India’s Constitution and the social reform movement, thus liberating millions of depressed people. He rekindled Buddhism and brought awareness of their political rights amongst the vulnerable population of India concerning the Constitution. Of course, one can state that he is an outstanding example of a nation-builder and a social liberator.

The Constitution he wrote today continues to steer the biggest democracy in the world. It is an evolving document that affords the dreams and vision of one billion Indians to create a just society. Indeed, the goal of Babasaheb Ambedkar of eradicating the caste system and improving the plight of the oppressed continues as a dream unfulfilled. India still reveres him today as a giant of a man and a guiding light who led from the front even more than six decades after he left the scene.

Conclusion

Most commonly, Dr. Bhimrao Ramji Ambedkar, referred to as Babasaheb Ambedkar, is credited for being the Father of the Indian Constitution. He was born on 14th April 1891 in a needy family of ‘Untouchables.’ He was expelled due to caste discrimination, but he continued his studies and obtained his first college degree from Bahujan Samaj in India. Dr. Bhimrao Ramji Ambedkar study  from Columbia University and then returned to India again and fought for the rights of the Dalit community and against untouchability.

As India’s first Law Minister after independence, Ambedkar chaired the Drafting Committee that formulated the Constitution, establishing essential rights and protections for oppressed communities. His contributions included enshrining civil liberties, parliamentary democracy, and universal suffrage, promoting freedom, equality, and fraternity.
Ambedkar also fought against caste discrimination, forming organizations to mobilize Dalits for civil rights, and later embraced Buddhism to combat caste injustices. He passed away shortly after converting in 1956. His legacy continues to influence India’s democratic framework and social reforms, inspiring movements for equality and social justice.